The main Mac Mail window includes a side pane on the left which contains the default and custom mailboxes (email folders) you have created, as well as to-do tasks and reminders, plus any RSS feeds to which you subscribe in Mail (in addition to remote mailboxes, which you'll see appear if you subscribe to MobileMe, for example). The size of these mailboxes and icons on the left can be customized with a couple of clicks, as you'll learn in this tutorial - this can be quite useful when you are either using a large screen resolution (everything looks "small" on your display), or when your vision isn't what it used to be; conversely, if you are using a small screen resolution (everything looks "large" on your display), you can reduce the size of these icons and make them smaller - literally with two targeted clicks.
And that's all you need to do to change the size of mailbox icons in Mac Mail; a later tutorial will explain how to customize the main toolbar itself (on top of the Mail window).